Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Isolation in the 1990s and the Contemporary Era

Abstract

Abstract Pakistan's foreign policy during the 1990s navigated a complex global landscape marked by post-Cold War uncertainties and regional realignments, resulting in a degree of international isolation. This research examines this period, analyzing the factors contributing to this isolation, including strained relations with key partners, nuclear proliferation concerns, and domestic political instability. It then explores the resurgence of isolationary tendencies in the contemporary era, comparing and contrasting the current context with the 1990s. This analysis investigates whether similar factors are at play or if new dynamics, such as shifting geopolitical alliances and economic pressures, are driving Pakistan's current international position. The study aims to identify patterns and offer insights into the cyclical nature of isolation in Pakistan's foreign policy and its implications for its regional and global role.