Evaluation of Health and Safety Hazards Among Solid Waste Collectors in Hyderabad, Pakistan: A Risk Assessment Approach

Abstract

Solid waste management workers face several health and safety risks due to the intrinsically hazardous nature of their job. The purpose of this study is to explore the hazards associated with solid waste in a specific locality of Pakistan–Hyderabad, Sindh. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 384 solid waste collectors administered through a convenient sampling technique. Participants were asked about the likelihood and severity of various hazards faced during their work. The data were examined using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 22, and hazards were classified using a risk assessment matrix. The results showed that dust and used syringes or needles were categorized as high-risk hazards. Moreover, medium-risk hazards included offensive odors, leachates and sludge containing worms, debris, bones, animal waste, dead animals and rodent carcasses, metal cans, wood, food waste, broken glass and other sharp objects. In addition, low risk hazardous substances comprised clothing, plastic bottles and glasses, rubber or leather, and paper & cardboard. In conclusion, solid waste collectors face serious risks from exposure to dust, sharp objects, and biological waste which potentially lead to health complications and safety concerns. e.g., respiratory issues, infections, and injuries. Provision of proper protective gears and training on safe handling practices are crucial to mitigate these risks which result in safeguarding workers' health and enhancing the quality of their life. Mitigating the risks associated with the municipal solid waste will also contribute to achieve sustainable development goal 3–good health and wellbeing.