Role of Gender in Flood Preparedness: Women's Perceptions of Early Warning Systems in Southern Punjab

Abstract

Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters in Pakistan, particularly affecting vulnerable communities in disaster-prone areas such as Dera Ghazi Khan. Women, being among the most vulnerable groups, face significant challenges during floods, including loss of shelter, livelihood disruptions, and health risks. This study aims to explore the perception of females regarding flood EWS in Dera Ghazi Khan, examining their level of awareness, sources of information, and the effectiveness of the existing warning mechanisms. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. A structured questionnaire was administered to 200 female respondents across rural union councils, while in-depth interviews were conducted to gather insights into their experiences and challenges. The findings reveal that a majority of women rely on informal sources, such as community members and mosques, for flood warnings rather than official channels, including SMS alerts and sirens. Additionally, socio-cultural restrictions limit their mobility, preventing timely evacuation and increasing their exposure to flood hazards. The study highlights the importance of a gender sensitive approach in disaster risk reduction strategies, advocating for the inclusion of women in community-based early warning systems. Strengthening communication channels, conducting awareness campaigns, and integrating local knowledge into flood preparedness efforts are essential steps toward enhancing resilience.