Generation of Receptive Items for Negative Communication in Urdu Language

Abstract

Language is the most crucial way of communication. Language development mainly involves receptive and expressive domains. The use of negations is another significant issue to discuss while understanding the language development domain. Therefore, the present study aims to generate receptive items for negations in Urdu. The study's objective is to generate receptive items for negations in Urdu. The present study is quantitative, and the study design is a cross-sectional survey. Participants were 170 Urdu-speaking children aged 3-5 years. Fifteen participants were retested to check their reliability. The study was conducted in Rawalpindi/Islamabad. The tool was developed in three rounds, and the final questionnaire was validated through content validity. The least acceptable value for the seven expert panels is 0.83. Univariate normality analysis confirmed that all the scores were normally distributed. The reliability of the Receptive scale for negations in Urdu was excellent for both internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.96 for all domains) and test-retest reliability (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.95 for all domains). The study has practical implications regarding generating receptive items for negations in Urdu in Pakistan. The receptive language scale showed excellent reliability and validity, indicating its applicability to young children as a simple screening tool for receptive language in Urdu.