Portrayal of Physical and Sexual Women Violence Issues in Elite Press of Pakistan

Abstract

This study investigates how leading English and Urdu newspapers in Pakistan cover issues of physical and sexual violence against women. The primary objectives include examining the extent and nature of coverage, comparing Urdu and English newspapers, and analyzing media framing of these issues. The research questions focus on identifying the types and amount of violence reported, the space allocated, the placement of news items, and whether the coverage is favourable or unfavourable. Utilizing framing theory and feminist theory, the study adopts a cross-sectional research design and employs content analysis to examine data from June 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022. The sample includes Daily Jang, Daily Nawa-i-Waqt, The News, and The Nation. Indicators such as the type of violence (physical, psychological, sexual), placement of news (front page, back page, crime page), and column space were coded and analyzed using Chi-Square tests. Results show that Urdu newspapers provide more extensive and unfavourable coverage compared to English newspapers. Physical violence received the most coverage, followed by sexual and psychological violence. Significant findings highlight the media's role in perpetuating stereotypes and biases against women, emphasizing the need for balanced and ethical reporting. Recommendations include enhancing media literacy, promoting ethical journalism, and advocating for policies that ensure fair representation of women's issues in the press.