Identifying Acoustic Variability Patterns in Spoken English of Fricative Consonants Among Pakistani Native Punjabi Speakers

Abstract

This study examines the phonological variance in English pronunciation among elementary students who regularly speak Punjabi. It focuses on the distinctions between the pronunciation of consonant fricatives and Received Pronunciation (RP). Using a quantitative approach, 50 elementary students proficient in Punjabi were selected from public sector schools using judgmental and purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through audio recordings of fricatives /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, and /h/ in various word positions. Analysis using PRAAT software assessed intensity and pitch. Results revealed significant variations in fricative intensity and pitch compared to RP. /f/ had greater intensity, /v/ was subdued, and dental fricatives /θ/ and /ð/ showed reduced intensity. /s/ and /z/ varied extensively, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ were pronounced with lower intensity and pitch, and /h/ had diminished intensity. Recommendations for educators include focusing on intensity and pitch exercises, using PRAAT for feedback, and emphasizing accurate speech organ placement. This study underscores the need for tailored pronunciation guidance for Punjabi-speaking students. Future research should explore additional phonetic features and employ spectrographic analysis.