Role of Emerging Pedagogical Approaches in Civic on Students’ Learning at Grade X

Abstract

The main objectives of the study were to investigate current pedagogical trends in secondary level, analyze how caregiver competence affects students, and identify factors that affect caregiver performance at the elementary level. This survey-based study used both quantitative and qualitative methods (QUAN-qual.), with a sample of 72 teachers and 360 elementary school children, for a total of 432 individuals. The researchers followed L.R.GAY's sampling chart when selecting participants. Research tools included questionnaires with three parts: part-1: demographic; part-2: closed-ended; and part-3: open-ended. The questionnaires were administered to sampled respondents. Additionally, an observation sheet was used to collect data specific to the elementary class children. To ensure validity & reliability, all research tools underwent pilot testing and were assessed for accuracy through expert opinion, and Cronbach's alpha was used to test questionnaire reliability. SPSS-24 statistical software was employed for the analysis, which included using relevant formulas such as frequency and percentage measures and the standard deviation.