Impact of Climate Change-Induced Flood on Women’s Life: A Case Study of 2022 Flood in District Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

This study highlights the difficulties women faced during and after the 2022 climate change induced floods in district Nowshera, examining their impacts on women's health, social lives, and personal lives. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was collected through 50 close-ended questionnaires using a multi-stage sampling method from women over 18 who experienced the 2022 flood. Qualitative data was gathered through focus group discussions and interviews. The results show that floods severely jeopardize women's personal lives, social lives, and physical and mental health. There was a noticeable rise in waterborne infections, reproductive issues, and mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Socially, floods exacerbate existing gender disparities in the workforce, increase burdens, and lead to exploitation in the disaster's aftermath. Personally, women experience loss of livelihoods, long-term displacement, and disruption of daily routines, all hindering personal growth and economic stability. The research emphasizes the necessity of gender-responsive disaster management strategies that cater to women's unique needs. It calls for greater access to mental health services, programs designed to support women's economic recovery, and improved healthcare access. Rebuilding women's social networks and enhancing resilience against future floods require community-based interventions and empowerment initiatives. Integrating gender perspectives into disaster preparedness, response, and recovery efforts is essential to address these impacts holistically. This study underscores the importance of inclusive policies and practices to mitigate the negative effects of flooding on women and to foster their resilience and overall well-being.