Exploring Code-Switching in EFL Classes at ULM: A Comparative Study of Teachers' and Learners' Motivations

Abstract

The study explores the students' and teachers' reasons behind code-switching and the similarities and differences between their reasons in EFL classes at the University of Lakki Marwat (ULM), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The data were collected from teachers and students of the department of English, ULM. Interviews were conducted with both teachers and students. The data were analyzed by following the thematic analysis technique. The study found that the students switch between languages to express ideas easily, expedite the learning process, change from formal to informal and vice versa, understand complex concepts, and make communication smoother. The study also found that the teachers switch from one language to another to enhance students' understanding of language concepts, create more engagement between students and teachers, positively impact the overall learning environment, meet L2 learners' needs, and move from one topic to another. Moreover, the study also revealed that students do code-switching for practical benefits, whereas teachers do it for pedagogical benefits. The study concludes that both students and teachers use code-switching as a strategy in their EFL classes to make the teaching and learning process smoother. The study recommends conducting a comparative study of code-switching by teachers and students of different disciplines in Lakki Marwat and KP higher education institutions. The study is significant in the academic and social sectors by raising awareness of bilingualism. It promotes linguistic diversity and encourages acceptance of multilingualism in society.